The Participation Rate Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Participation Rate - Research Proposal Example Individuals are considered to be unemployed, for the purposes of the unemployment rate, if the individual is actively looking for work, but is unemployed. Workers who are out of a job, due to a temporary layoff, but expected to be recalled, are considered to also be unemployed. During the survey week, the individual must be not employed, available for work and taking active steps to find work, in order to be counted in the unemployment rate. Individuals who do not count in the unemployment rate are individuals who are discouraged, and no longer actively looking for work. ...The individuals who would not be included in the participation rate are those who are unemployed, but not actively looking for work, because they are discouraged. Also not included would be individuals who are not labor force. These are individuals who are not looking for work because they are going to school, are retired, are stay at home mothers or individuals with other family obligations, are confined to nursi ng homes, mental institutions or prisons, or inactive duty military (Bureau of Labor Statistics). B. Charts of Participation Rates for Females and Males (All Figures Come from The Australian Bureau of Statistics) 1954 In this case, the Australian Bureau of Statistics did not publish very much information which can be gleaned about males versus females and the participation rates. It did not publish information, which it did in later editions, that detailed the employment rate, the unemployment rate, the unemployment numbers and employment numbers, etc. Therefore, the chart below has much more sparse information than the later ones will. In 1954, the total number of men who were employed, including defense forces, was 2,821,000. The number of women who were employed, including defense forces, was 826,000. During this same period, there were 41,000 males who were unemployed and 14,000 females who were unemployed. The unemployment rate was 1.8% for males in this year, and 1.9% of femal es. Therefore, the total number of men who were participating was, for the year, 1954, 2,862,000. The total number of females participating for that year was 840,000 (Australian Bureau of Statistics). 1967 In 1966, there were a total of 3,351,800 males who were employed. There were 32,900 males who were unemployed.

Should You Let Your Teenagers Drink by Cassandra Jardine Essay

Should You Let Your Teenagers Drink by Cassandra Jardine - Essay Example Acccording to the report  in â€Å"Should You Let Your Teenagers Drink?†, Jardine provides a realistic discourse of an issue for which Sir L. Donaldson holds a rigid stand as a Chief Medical Officer. By experience, Jardine and several other parents know exactly that to a certain extent, they ought to give in to the act of spoiling their kids in order to keep them from the perils of binge-drinking. Donaldson, however, opposes such an idea or practice, claiming that teenagers should refrain from alcoholic drinking until they are 15 years old. Throughout the Western world, youths of such age have had access to liquor markets and statistical figures are truly upsetting, so Jardine could well ascertain how a stance toward abstinence should work as imposed upon those experimenting in the â€Å"free-houses†.This discussion stresses that 'mother knows best’ and this clichà © is strong enough for the ground of taking the perspective which Jardine looks at on deciding a bout the resolution to opt for. Having spent considerable amount of time with her children, Jardine may be imagined in a setting where she can readily engage with their thoughts and thereby become sensible to their needs as the situation goes with an increasing sense of fluidity. This way, she can gradually bring across the main point that it is not necessary to keep young people from drinking for as long as parents employ the attitude of affectionate watchfulness.... With her story shared in the article, Jardine demonstrates how important it is to have a two-way communication process with her children so that the latter are allowed the flexibility to express themselves and air their particular concerns or reasons for exploring stuffs that are new to them. It appears that with parents who tend to be otherwise repressive, teenagers are rather more likely to stay away from confiding with the elderly having gone against the children’s freedom to seek identity and establish conformity with peers they feel are the true ones who can relate with and care for them. In all fairness, Jardine does not miss on identifying why Donaldson has made his own stand, exemplifying concrete details via the youth-gone-wild of the British culture. She further exhibits support for his stand by featuring the impact drinking alcohol bears on the development of pliable brains among teens. Clearly, Jardine perceives the probable consequences of a misguided drinking hab it where alcoholism or addiction to drinking emerges to cause a threatening influence on teenage people who eventually incur failure in studies or lack of interest in healthy activities. Unsafe sex and unwanted pregnancy are no new stories either. Hence, in this light, the Chief Medical Officer deserves credits for his proposition. If parents, on the other hand, were to be more subjective by way of constant communication, this would enable the young ones to convey the core substance of their values and priorities. It is particularly fascinating to learn that Jardine makes a spontaneous flow of conversation with her children of ages 13, 14, and 19, all of whom seem to

Agra: A World Famous Tourist Spot

Agra: A World Famous Tourist Spot Tourists and history lovers have endless love for Agra for its exceptional buildings and monuments. Agra is also a prominent pilgrimage center due to the presence of several religious places. Temples, mosques and other structural wonders in Agra provides religious and spiritual feelings for the visitors. Presence of numerous tombs, stones and graveyards dedicated to well known religious leaders are famous in the land of Agra.Mariams tomb the tomb of Mariam, wife of great Mughal Emperor Akbar is also present here. The secular lookout of the city is depicted in several famous places of worship for both the Muslims and the Hindus like the Jama Masjid and the Mankameshwar temple. The Guru Ka Taal located at Agra is a large tank with beautiful towers erected around it. The Jama Masjid and Moti Masjid located at Agra built by the great Mughal emperor Shahjahan are excellent examples of the splendid Mughal architecture. JAIPUR The Pink Cityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. The glistening Jaipur also known as the the Pink City was founded by and named after Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II. The royal Rajput heritage is clearly visible in the imposing forts and impressive palaces of Jaipur attract tourists from all over the world. Jaipur is a land of natural beauty and great history. The warm hospitality of people and ofcourse a plethora of colourful handicrafts drags the visitors to this magnificent land. In addition to that Jaipur hosts several festivals from the modern Jaipur Literary festival to the traditional Gangaur, Teej and the Kite festival glorifying its image. The City Palace Complex is abundant with a rare combination of the finest blends of Rajasthani and Mughal architecture and is one of the most magnificent marvels in Jaipur. The vast area right in the heart of the old city is indeed a remarkable sight. Several buildings, huge courtyards and well-planned gardens make this complex a beauty. The Maharaja Sawai Man Singh II Museum includes the mahal comes before the main complex. A long series of royal costumes like embroideries, shawls, Benares silk sarees, the maharajas pyjamas, kamarbands, chogas, jamawars etc are an attraction in the museum. Giant sized musical instruments like the tanpura and sarangis are also displayed in the museum. The Maharanis Palace includes the deadly Rajput scissor-action daggers which have a unique working action are a delight for visitors. There are wide varieties of early handguns, the ones that served as walking sticks, etc. One of them was the size of a small canon fired from a camels back, pistols attached with swords, matchlocks, double-barrel guns and percussion cap guns.Daggers with handles of crystal and ivory are priceless. Peak-kubz jambhiya, katars, chhuris, Rajput and Persian swords are also a great attraction. The shield of Sawai Pratap Singh and Raja Man Singhs sword, a big range of shields made from the skins of crocodile, rhino, and turtle skin is also on the display. UDAIPUR Venice of East..!! Udaipur formally known as the city of lakes and Venice of East is the lovely lakeside capital of Mewar. Udaipur was founded by Maharana Udai Singh II as the final capital of the erstwhile Mewar kingdom. The kingdom of Mewar was the most respectable of all Rajput princely states in Rajasthan. The warriors of Mewar are still remembered for their bravery courage. The numerous rivers crisscrossing the town gave Udaipur another name as the city of lakes. The beauty and remarkable past of Udaipur remain in the hearts of visitors for a long time. Udaipur is a beautiful city in the state of Rajasthan also referred to as the Kashmir of Rajasthan or the Venice of the East. Udaipur the Romantic City of India is one among the most romantic and most beautiful cities of the country. The lush hills of the Aravalis around the azure water lakes make this land beautiful. Udaipur city of Rajasthan state is a blended with fascinating sights, sounds and experiences drenched in romance and beauty. The land is inspired by the poets, painters and writers for the serene atmosphere. The flavor of heroic past carried by the temples, fairy-tale palaces, gardens, lakes and narrow lanes strewn with stalls is an epitome for the valor and gallantry of the city. The enchanting lakes, palaces and lively workspaces and culture attracting both the foreign and domestic visitors have made Udaipur a popular tourist destination in India. Udaipur is also a favourite marriage destination of many prominent people of the country. The Swaroop Sagar Lake, Fateh Sagar Lake and the Lake Pichhola are the three interconnected lakes of Udaipur. Major cities of the country including Delhi, Ahmedabad and Mumbai are easily accessible from Udaipur. GOA One of the most preferred holiday destinations of India is Goa. The place especially during the monsoon is a tropical paradise enchanting all the year round. Goa is one of the most visited destinations of the country. Fringed by coastal trees and lapped by Arabian Sea the Goa beaches are a delight and the perfect destination for a wonderful hangout. Goa is a picturesque blend of tremendous natural beauty and traditional and modern facets of Indian life. The windy palms, plush landscape, sun-kissed beaches, and the adjacent Arabian Sea tapping on shores make Goa a very lovely destination. The catholic churches and gothic synagogues make the architecture of Goa a reminiscent of the colonial era. Other prominent ones are the Church of St. Francis, the Church of St. Augustine, St. Anne Church, the Reis Magos Church, and the Mary Immaculate Conception etc. It exhibits one of the finest beaches in the world and especially for beach lovers Goa is an absolute delight. With the flea markets and Trance parties, Anjuna beach is the prominent one in Goa. The Chapora Fort located nearby Anjuna beach offers a magnificent view of the vast blue Sea. The Calangute beach of Goa being the most commercialized beach of the South Western part of India is one of the not to be missed beaches . These beaches are a favorite to the tourists for the eating spots and shops that are lined up here. Some other prominent shores of Goa are Vagator Beach, Candolim beach, Baga Beach, Bambolim Beach, etc. Every year this enchanting destination attracts plenty of tourists with its exotic beaches and energetic nightlife. The spice plantations are also a major attraction in Goa. MYSORE City of Palacesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦!! Mysore also called as the City of Palaces is a major tourist destination of south India. The place is prominent with palaces, temples, royal buildings, museums, gardens, waterfalls and amusement parks. Mysore the former capital of Karnataka played an important role in the South Indian history. Along with its drastic growth as a famous tourist destination the rich cultural and historical legacy of the city is well maintained. The magnificence of the city of Mysore made it a favorite destination for visitors all over India. Visitors from within as well as outside the country are greatly attracted to this splendid destination. The City of Mysore is known as the City Of Palaces for the number of glorious buildings built by the Royal families. Many of the traditional buildings are exquisite examples for the Dravidian architecture. There are number of other tourists attractions that one can visit in Mysore, apart from the Palaces and architectural splendor. The Chamundi hills temple on top of the hills is one of the popular spots in Mysore. It is a favorite destination for the locales and a prominent landmark of Mysore. The KRS dam and the adjacent Brindavan Gardens are worth visiting in Mysore. The Garden of Brindavan is unique. This garden is famous for its colorfully lit dancing fountains that come alive once the sun sets. Another destination worth visiting is the Mysore Zoo which is the oldest Zoo in the country.It was set up by Maharaja Chamaraja Wodeyar in the year 1892. At present equipped with the most modern facilities the zoo is a pioneer in breeding animals in captivity. With a relic of the 3rd century St. Philomena the Philomena Church is another famous monument of Mysore city. It is preserved in a catacomb in below the main altar. The high spires with a height of 175 feet are a well known feature o f this church. Set in lush green surroundings the three lakes in Mysore have become a haven for migratory birds. KASHMIR The paradise on Earthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦!! The everlasting charm and splendor make Kashmir an amazingly beautiful destination of the country. Due to its natural beauty, tempting snow capped mountains, musical waterfalls, scenic lakes, lush green surroundings, verdant woods and many other places of tourist interests, the land is called the Paradise on Earth. Located at the northern most tip of the country Kashmir is one of the most sought after holiday destinations. The Great Himalayan Ranges and the Pir Panjal surrounds the magnificent land of Kashmir from the north and south respectively. The captivating natural splendor, blissful ambiance, sightseeing places, cultural diversity, humble locals, and the cool climatic conditions make the Beauty of Kashmir unique. The Kashmir valleys are crisscrossed by prominent rivers. These spectacular features enhance the beauty of Kashmir to give it a place close to Heaven on Earth. Kashmir is an ideal place for pilgrimage, adventure sports and trekking as well as leisure vacation. The natural heavenly beauty of Kashmir lures thousands and thousands of tourists from all over the world. The lakes of Kashmir dotted with houseboat facilities are the unique attraction of the region.A Cruise on the fabulous Houseboats in the lakes of Kashmir is an enchanting experience. The hills of Kashmir capped with snow exhibits very low temperature making it ideal for excursions. Some of the prominent locations of Kashmir are Bahu fort, Raghunath temple, Sonamarg, Mubarak Mandi Palace, Chadar Trek, Gulmarg and Peer Baba. KANYAKUMARI With the Arabian Sea in the west and the Bay of Bengal in the east Kanyakumari is a very unique destination of India in the state of Tamil Nadu. Kanyakumari or Cape comerin is located in the southernmost tip of the country, where the three seas get united. The beautiful sunrise and sunset of Kanyakumari made it a popular destination of India. A lot of tourists are attracted by the serene beauty of Kanyakumari. It is one of the rare destinations in the world where both sunrise and sunset can be observed from the same point. Murugan Kundram is atop a hill at Kanyakumari which gives a magnificent view of both sunrise and sunset throughout the year. The sunset is visible only from October 15 to March 15 in a year; whereas the sunrise can be viewed from this southernmost tip throughout the year. This spot offers a wonderful panoramic view of the entire Kanyakumari. On full moon days both the sunset and moonrise can be seen almost simultaneously from the same spot. This unique spectacle is witnessed at Kanyakumari. Two rocks In the midst of the sea known as twin rocks, with the monuments of swamy Vivekananda and Saint Thiruvalluvar contribute to the rich Indian heritage. The rich cultural heritage and the history of Kanyakumari date back to decades. Kanyakumari is the hub of civilization for centuries and is prominent for the culture, arts, economy, and history. Kanyakumari is one of the prominent pilgrimage destinations of South India due to the instances of many religions like Islam, Christianity, or Hinduism. The structures, arts and even in the cuisines of Kanyakumari reflects this mixed culture. KERALA BACKWATERS Gods own country!! Kerala blessed with a unique feature called the backwaters is the southernmost state of the country. The broad stretch of waterways is a lasting source of tourism as well as a livelihood for the state. The backwaters surrounded by the tall palms and coconut trees exhibits the rippling beauty of nature. Every year thousands of domestic and international tourists are drawn towards these enchanting backwaters. The green surroundings, vibrant people of the locale and small villages make the visitors feel elated. The major feature of Kerala backwaters are the houseboats which attracts plenty of tourists. Houseboats traditionally named as the ketuvalloms are actually large all-wood vessels with all facilities provided inside. Equipped with modern facilities house boats meets up to the world standards such as large hotel suites etc. We can watch the beauty of the backwaters right from a room inside the houseboats. Most of the rooms are well furnished, air-conditioned with no compromise in safety of inmates. They are assisted by a general manager, chefs or cooks.The traditional Kerala cuisines and special sea foods of Kerala are served deliciously in the houseboats. There are amenities like dining extravaganza, ayurveda massage and beauty treatments inside the houseboat. Alappuzha, Kuttanad, Thiruvallam, and Kollam are the prominent backwater regions of Kerala. The backwaters of Alappuzha witness the exciting snake boat races of Kerala which brings lots of visitors to this enchanting land. In these prestigious boat races the traditional boats of Kerala participate. DELHI Delhi the capital city of India also known as New Delhi is one of the main arrival point for overseas tourists. The Qutub Minar, Red Fort, Humayuns Tomb, Lotus Temple, Akshardham Temple and Jama Masjid are the main places of tourist attraction in Delhi. Delhi locally known as Dilli offers a large opportunity for a tremendous shopping of unique and diverse traditional products. Karol bagh, Connaught Place, Chandni Chowk, Sarojini nagar Market, Palika Bazzar, Gaffar market and Lajpat Nagar Market are the main markets of Delhi. Another not to miss destination is the Delhi Haats. The city is not only the capital of the country but is acclaimed for being the cultural capital of the country too. The spectacular architecture is depicted by the antique monuments of Delhi. The city witnesses the interesting blend of cultures, the mysterious eternity of the rise and fall of many great empires. There are seven cities in the contemporary Delhi which were built by different emperors in mean time. Some major tourist attractions are made from the ruins of this ancient city. The city of Delhi consists of two parts, one is the old part and the other is the new one. The Old Delhi is full of Mughal and British architectural structures, by-lanes and alleys whereas New Delhi contains several modern buildings and offices. The climatic conditions of Delhi are extreme. The summer can be very hot. Temperature often goes above 45 ° Celsius while it is chilly and foggy in the winter. The ideal time for sightseeing and adventures is from the month of October to March. AJANTHA ELLORA Ajanta and Ellora Caves are rock-cut cave monuments and are two different tourist destinations in Maharashtra. The Ajanta-Ellora Caves are located near the city of Aurangabad in the state of Maharashtra. They are declared as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO. Beautiful paintings and sculptures are featured in these caves. Situated just outside the village of Ajanta are the prominent Ajanta Caves, 107 km away from Aurangabad city. Dating back to the 2nd century BC, there are around 29 rock-cut cave monuments in this complex. The first group of these caves was built around 200 BC, while the second group was built in later 600 AD. Ajanta caves are nestled in the semi-arid Sahayadri Hills above the Waghur River and are prominent for the beautiful paintings and sculptures. It is built using only hammer and chisel. These caves are the secluded retreats for Buddhist monks to perform their rituals in the chaityas and viharas. The well preserved wall paintings of Boddhisattva, Padmapani and Avalokiteshvar are the prominent artworks in the caves. The archaeological site of the Ellora cave complex is located 30 km from the city of Aurangabad. These caves were built by the Rashtrakuta rulers between the 5th and 10th centuries. There are 34 caves in the cave complex that were hewn out of solid rocks of the Charanandri Hills. These are the monasteries for Buddhists as well as temples for Hindus and Jains. The Ellora complex comprises of 12 Buddhist, 17 Hindu and 5 Jain caves which symbolizes the religious harmony of that time. The Ajanta-Ellora Festival organised every year in Aurangabad is meant for paying tribute to the legendary caves of Ellora, Ajanta and other historical assets of the country. DARJEELING Queen of hillsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..!! Darjeeling is a prominent Himalayan city located in the state of West Bengal. It is well known for the charm and is considered to be one of the best hill stations in India. The surrounding areas of Darjeeling like Mirik, Jaldapara, Gangtok and Pelling are also prominent tourist destinations. This hidden paradise of North Bengal includes a joy ride in the world famous toy train which has been listed as UNESCO World Heritage site. Darjeeling is one of the most significant and organized hill resorts of India. It lies 686 kms from the plains of Kolkata perched at a height of 2134 meters with a backdrop of the mighty snow clad Peaks of Himalayas. The worlds highest peak and the third mightiest and highest mountainous snow peaks can be viewed clearly from this sight. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site prominent for the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway and the tea industry. Finest blend of tea can be tasted from this hill station. Darjeeling had now become the most desired holiday destination of the country with innumerable tourists who throng it. The Buddhist monasteries and the Hindu temples are the most visited destinations of Darjeeling. The Darjeeling Rangeet Valley Passenger Ropeway, Singalila Range Trek, the ultimate Toy Train trip in Darjeeling and much more provides an Adventure Tourism in Darjeeling. Along with tea, oranges and cardamom are also available in plenty in Darjeeling. Amazing products of Traditional arts and crafts of Tibet and Sikkim are available for shopping. Delicious cuisines of traditional Tibetan and Sikkimese style are available in the hill station along with the other Indian dishes. Summer and spring are the ideal seasons to visit Darjeeling. The hill station receives a moderate rain throughout the year. SHIMLA The Summer Refuge Shimla is the present capital of Himachal Pradesh and the former summer capital of British in India. The land of Shimla has been blessed with all the natural bounties making it an ideal tourist destination. It is surrounded by green hills with snow capped peaks with tremendous scenic beauty. The spectacular cool hills of Shimla are accompanied by the structures made during the colonial era which creates an aura different from other destinations.Shimla retains its colonial heritage with grand old buildings bulging at it seems with unprecedented expansion. The stately Viceregal Lodge, charming iron lamp posts and Anglo-Saxon names are few of the architectural splendors of Shimla. Shimla unfolds many parts that remain hidden to vehicles. Sankat Mochan and Tara Devi can be linked with a short train ride to Tara Devi station. The stroll and shopping on the Mall and in Lakkar Bazaar is inevitable for the tourists. The Lower Bazaar that runs parallel to the Mall at a lower level flavors a typical Indian market place. The wild flower hall, Mashobra, Naldehra, Tattapani, Fagu, Narkanda and Chail are some of the major sightseeing areas in Shimla. The best time to visit Shimla is during April to August or during December to January however it can be visited throughout the year and can enjoy the charm of each season. Shimla experiences cold and chilly winds from the upper Himalayas during winter. Shimla witnesses many winter sports and ice skating carnival during winter. UTTARANCHAL Uttaranchal is a north eastern state of the great Indian Territory with immense beauty and tranquility. The snowy mountain ranges, gusting rivers, natural serenity and lakes made the place more attractive. The western part of the Himalayan ranges provides a picturesque of snow capped hills in Uttaranchal. It is known as the land of God with many prominent temples and pilgrim centers. The green valley, lush forestry, rich flora and fauna add to its beauty. Uttaranchal is a common picnic spot with many adventurous sports like trekking, skiing, skating, wildlife safaris etc. The hill stations, Glaciers, wildlife, pilgrim centers and national parks are the major tourist destination of the state. The valley of flowers made the place more colorful with plenty of different species of flora. Musoorie, Khirsu, Pauri, Nainital, Kausani, Haridwar, Rishikesh and Auli are the most prominent hill stations of Uttaranchal. Experience the most mesmerizing beauty of nature from these prominent destinations of Uttaranchal. RAJASTHAN The state of Rajasthan is well known for its delightful tourist destinations. The imperial land of Rajasthan is known as the state of colors, forts, festivals and quaint nature. The state is located in the north western part of the nation with hilly terrain and Thar Desert. The pink city of India-Jaipur, the Golden city of India-Jaisalmer and the city of Lakes-Udaipur are the major significance of the state. Explore the grandeur of impregnable palaces and forts, astonishing lakes, golden deserts and exotic wildlife of Rajasthan. The unique culture, festivals, traditions and lifestyle of people made the place a mesmerizing tourist spot. The Rajasthan cuisines and sweets are very famous for its different style and taste. The attractive handicrafts of Rajasthan are famous for its beautiful hand embroidery. The desert festival is one of the popular festivals of Rajasthan which attracts lots of tourists from all around the world. KULLU MANALI Kullu And Manali are the most astounding hill stations of North India. These famous destinations are located at a distance of 40km from each other and at 570km and 521km respectively from the state capital of the country, Delhi. This fascinating destination has snow covered mountain ranges, rhythmic rivers, dense forest ranges, cascading waterfalls, valleys and many more. There are wide options for adventures activities like skiing, trekking, rafting etc at this astounding destination. Above all these panoramic view, there are also a number of temples and monuments at Kullu-Manali. The best time to visit Kullu Manali hill station situated at Himachal Pradesh is during the month of May, June, and September to November. This picnic spot is one of the most crowded one in India being the haven for adventure lovers, vacationers and honeymooners. Manali hill station is located at a height of 6398feet above sea level with intense cold climate. The temperature varies from 15 to 20 degree Celsius but it may even go below -5 during October to March. Rohtang Pass, Hidimba Temple, Maa Sharvari Temple, Solang Valley, Rahala Waterfalls, Rozy falls, Zana falls, Naggar, Monasteries, Manali Gompa are few of the major destinations at Kullu Manali. AMRITSAR Amritsar is a perfect tourist destination of India showcasing the compound traditions and secular culture of the nation. The city of Amritsar is also regarded as an important devout center for the presence of many enchanting temples. The glorious past, magnificent present and a hopeful future are well exhibited in the city of Amritsar. This fascinating land is titled as the jewel of Punjab for the prosperous depository of national heritage and religion. Amritsar is the largest and most important city of Punjab and is located 280 miles from Delhi. Amritsar is known for the prominent golden temple devoted to Sikh religion. The sacred tank surrounding the temple offers a lovely sight of the temple. The Durgiana temple situated earby is a partial replica of Golden temple dedicated to Goddess Durga. The Harike Wetland Lake is another prominent tourist destination of Amritsar which is declared as national wildlife sanctuary. The spot is formed on the point of confluence of the rivers Beas and Sutlej. Amritsar experiences a semi arid climate suitable for excursion on any time of the year. The Jallianwala bagh memorial commemorating the sacrifice of many lives is located near to Golden temple. Another prominent site is the Rambagh garden which is laid out in the pattern of Shalimar Bagh at Lahore. VARANASI Varanasi is an important Hindu pilgrim center of the country and is the oldest city of the world. Varanasi is the land of spiritualism, Indian philosophy, mysticism and Hinduism. These are well depicted in the prominent temples, numerous sects, Ashrams and Ghats. Along with Hinduism, other religions like Jainism and Buddhism is also practiced in this sacred land. The old Indian civilization is greatly reflected in Varanasi. The city is the home for many fairs and festivals all round the year in Varanasi which includes the prominent Bharat Milap, Kartik Purnima, Ganga Festival, Buddh Purnima, Ramlila, Panch Koshi Parikrama, Nakkatyya, Hanumat Jayanti and Mahashivratri. Varanasi is the city of Ghats associated with history dated back to centuries. Varanasi tourism reached its heights for both its historic and renowned pilgrimage significance. Varanasi also known as Banaras or Kashi has many prominent tourist destinations. The Ghats of Varanasi, Bharat Kala Museum, St. Marys church, Nan deshwar Kothi, Banaras Hindu university, Ram nagar Durg etc are few of the attractions. The pilgrimage spots of the city include Durga Temple, Bharat Mata Temple, Kashi Vishwanath Temple, and Tulsi Manas Temple. The adventure lovers can enjoy the beauty of nature and diversity of wildlife from the Chandra Prabha Wildlife Sanctuary and Kaimoor Wildlife Sanctuary.

Rose Madder :: essays research papers

Rose Madder The setting of Rose Madder begins in a city called Portside but it does not say which state. Rose then rides a bus 800 miles to some large mid-western city. By some of the details in the story and the dialect, a good guess of the time era is any where from the 1980s to the late 1990s. The characters in Rose Madder are Rose McClendon Daniels a women who was married and abused by her husband for nearly 14 years and Norman Daniels a crazy cop who is in pursuit of his wife Rosie. Bill Steiner is the guy that Rosie buys the picture from and they also fall in love, Anna Stevenson is the owner of the Daughters and Sisters organization that helps women coming out of abusive relationships. Peter Slowik is Anna Stevenson’s ex-husband who tells Rosie to go to the Daughters and Sisters place and he is later killed by Norman. Rose Madder is the woman in the picture that Rosie bought, and Mr. Lefferts is a man who gives Rosie a job reading books for a â€Å"Books on Tape Company†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First, Rose Daniels is sitting at home reading a romance novel, when all of a sudden her husband, Norman, walks in and starts beating her. Rose was pregnant at the time and, as a consequence of Normans beating, she has a miscarriage. After that she goes to bed, but when she wakes up in the morning and there was a single drop of blood on her pillow. That one single drop made her realize how abusive her life would be if she did not leave Norman. So she planned how she was going to leave without Norman catching her. She took the credit card he had left on the counter and then she ran out the door. Eventually she came to the bus station. She traveled on a bus 800 miles away from her home.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When she arrived there was a traveler’s aid with a friendly looking man standing there. The man’s name was Peter Slowik and he worked to help women who have been abused in some way. She told him her story and he told her to go to the Daughters and Sisters house, which was a place for women who have just gotten out of an abusive relationship to say at for awhile. So she leaves and goes to the house and they let her in and she meets the owner, Anna Stevenson.

College Stress Essay

Jack’s heart pounds as he casts panicked looks around the classroom. He doesn’t recognize the professor, he doesn’t know any of the students, and he can’t even figure out what the subject is. In front of him is a test. At the very last minute his roommate awakens him. It’s only another anxiety dream. The very fact that dreams like Jack’s are common suggests that college is a stressful situation for young people. The cause of this stress can be academic, financial, and personal. Academic stress is common for college students. For many students, going to college is more than just attending classes and taking notes. They usually have a hard time understanding school guidelines and deciding what major they want to study. It is very stressful to read and understand all the school policies, especially the transfer instructions. It is even harder for student to make up their mind what major they should concentrate on. Choosing the right courses and making a schedule is another headache job that students have to go through. Students often find it very tough to decide what are the right classes to take that related to their major. It is also stressful to wake up in the morning and be one time for classes. Finally, preparing and taking mid-term and final exams are the most stressful time that student encounter for the entire semester. In a similar case to Jack, my friend, Som, who is a good student at City College, always gets nervous and stays up all night to study for his mid-term and final exams. Since, school requires students to maintain their GPA to a certain point in order for them to stay in school, passing the classes and getting good grades are one of the most concerning issues for a lot of students. In addition to academic stress, students often feel financial pressure. Most of the college students work part-time while attending college. They have more responsibilities than just maintaining their GPA. Paying for their school tuition and textbooks are the big two unavoidable expenses that they have to spend. Students often complain and feel frustrated about how much they have to pay for their textbooks and other materials related to their classes. Besides these expenses, students also have other financial responsibilities as well. Paying the rent, car payments and car insurance are stressful issues that students have to deal with. Like many other college students and myself, my girlfriend has to work two part-time jobs in order for her to have enough money to pay her bills. Buying clothes, movie tickets, gifts for friends’ birthdays are other pressures that students have to cop with while they are in school. Base on these expenses, it is pretty obvious that students must have some sort of incomes that they can rely on for the expeneses so that they can service in school and accomplish their dreams. Along with academic and financial worries, students also face personal pressures. For those who have a boyfriend or a girlfriend, they have to deal with their partner’s attitude and differences. For example, I have a friend who had a boyfriend when she was in college. She had to give up her time to go to a party with her boyfriend in stead of finishing up her assigments. She had to put up with his immature and jealous attitude who wanted her to tell him wherever she went. It was a personal stress for her that she had to put up with her boyfriend while receiving so much pressure from school. Getting along with their family members is a stressful thing to deal with if they live at home with their parents. For some they get homesick and miss their family members if they live far away from home. Another stressful thing for students is achieving their goals. They usually encounter pressure from their parents or relatives when asked when they are going to complete school. They are not sure if their achievements will meet their parent’s expectation. They afraid that they might not get a good job and make enough money to support themselves after they finish school. College students often encounter pressures and streeful situations while they are in school. Academic, financial and personal stress are not new to Jack, my girlfriend and my friend as well as many other students. They’ve experienced and are experiencing this pressures while they are working hard trying to make their dreams realized.

AIDS and Children

HIV/AIDS is relatively a new disease, and was first recognized in the year 1980, following an outbreak of the opportunistic infection Pneumocystis carnii pneumonia in a group of New York homosexuals.   The incidences of Kaposi’s sarcoma (a malignancy of the blood vessels) were also observed to occur more than 50 times in young homosexuals.Gradually, it was observed that the condition was an infectious disease, and tended to spread wherever infected blood/semen was involved including blood transfusion, intravenous drug usage and unprotected sexual activity (whether homosexual or heterosexual).The condition was gradually observed to affect the immune system, causing a huge number of opportunistic infections and malignancies.   By the year 1982, AIDS was also observed in several children belonging to New York, San Francisco, Miami and New Jersey.The condition was relatively unknown before the 1980’s and following this, it became one of the most common and deadly infect ious diseases.   Although, HIV/AIDS began in a developed nation which could handle the ill-effects of the disease, it slowly began to spread to developing and poor nations, and the effect on such individuals is even more devastating (Mandell, 2005 & Borkowsky, 2004).HIV/AIDS has not only been a problem in the reproductive age group, but has also caused serious problems in the pediatric age groups.   In the US, more than 9300 children (as on December 2002) have been affected with the disease.   The number of cases of individuals affected with the disease is still on the rise.There may be several differences in the opportunistic infections, malignancies and symptoms that occur in children and adults.   In children, HIV/AIDS can either spread through vertical transmission (from infected mother to child) and from other means (including child sexual abuse, IV drug abuse, infected blood transfusion, etc).If we look at vertical transmission of HIV/AIDS, the disease can be transmitt ed by three different methods, which occur at three different times: – prenatally it is transmitted across the placenta from the infected maternal blood, during delivery it may be transmitted from contaminated material secretions and after delivery it may occur due to consumption of contaminated breast milk.Some of the factors that play an important role in the transmission of HIV/AIDS from infected mother to child include the severity of the infection of the mother, the material viral load, trauma to the child during delivery, the mode and the duration of breastfeeding.Children below the age of 13 years can develop lymphoid interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary lymphoid hyperplasia and recurrent bacterial infections.   The risk of a serious drop in the CD T4 lymphocytes below 200 is less in children compared to adults.   In children with HIV/AIDS, the CD T4 cell count can play a major role in determining the prognosis of the disease.Children usually have a rise in the number of lymphocytes.   This may be observed in normal children and infants.   If the CD4 count in children affected with HIV/AIDS drops down, it can suggest a serious impairment.   Children suffering from HIV/AIDS may also develop a serious form of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and can develop serious respiratory problems.This condition may also be fatal if proper preventive measures and treatment are not followed (CDC, 1996, Mandell, 2005 & Borkowsky, 2004).Another problem that can be frequently observed in children who develop HIV/AIDS from infected mothers (vertical transmission) is the chances of co-infection with other STD’s including hepatitis B, hepatitis C, etc.   These conditions are transmitted in a similar manner (mainly IV drug usage, unprotected sex, blood transfusion, vertical transmission, etc).Often when a person is infected with HCV, the infection takes a long time to develop and progress (about 20 years).   However, in co infection with HIV, the re may be an acceleration of both the conditions often leading to severe disease in the infant or childhood stage of life.When the mother is co-infected with HIV/AIDS and hepatitis C infection, the chances of the child getting infected with HIV is much higher than if the mother is infected with HIV alone.   In cases of infection with HIV, the infection spread in 16 % of the cases, whereas in co-infection cases, it spread 26 % of the total number of cases (England, 2006).The Problem1. Incidences of HIV/AIDS in childrenThe exact incidences of HIV/AIDS in children may be far more than anticipated.   On December 31, 2002, more than 9300 children were reported to suffer from AIDS.   A majority of these cases are due to infection from the infected mother.In a study conducted in 1997 in the US, more than 91 % of the cases were due to infection from the mother to the child, 2 % were due to transfusion of infected blood and 8 % developed the condition due to an undetermined risk.   1 of the children who was a part of the study had a clotting disorder.Most of the children who were infected with HIV/AIDS had parents who were using IV drugs.   In most cases, the mother practiced unprotected sex.   There is a lot of racial differences in the rates of HIV/AIDS.   Individuals belonging to minority and weaker sections of the population are at a higher risk of acquiring the infection compared to the mainstream population.There is a tendency that children across the various racial groups would have the same incidence rates of HIV/AIDS as their mothers.   In a study conducted, it was found that 63 % of the children affected with HIV/AIDS were African-Americans and 26% were Hispanics.   18 % belonged to the White groups and 1 % was from the other racial groups.Out of every 100, 000 children in the US who developed HIV/AIDS, 6.4 % were Blacks, 2.3 % were Hispanics, 0.4 % were Whites and 0.7 % were other racial groups.   In most HIV affected children, the diseas e is diagnosed at the age of 18 months.In most children affected with HIV (about 80 % of all cases), AIDS develops by the age of 5 years.   Most cases of HIV/AIDS was recorded in New York (1900 cases), followed by Florida (1200 cases), New Jersey, California and Texas.   Between the years 1984 to 1992, there was a rise in the incidence of HIV/AIDS due to the ignorance of the disease from various populations including Blacks and homosexual groups.In the year 1992, the number of HIV/AIDS cases were as high as 905, which declined to 663 in 1995 (a drop in about 27%) mostly attributed to greater awareness and education.   However, across varies ethnic and racial groups, greater amount improvements occurred in the Whites (39 % drop), followed by Black (26 % drop) and Hispanic (25 % drops).Another reason for this drop had been the sudden discovery of the effect of Zidovudine (an antiretroviral drug) in helping to reduce the vertical transmission of HIV/AIDS from infected mother to c hild.   In 1994, a series of clinical trials effectively demonstrated that the disease vertical transmission could be reduced by about 65 % if Zidovudine was given early during the pregnancy of the infected woman.Hence, recommendations were raised for mandatory testing, counseling and ARV therapy for pregnant women.   Following more active implementation of this program following 1995, the number of HIV/AIDS cases due to vertical transmission dropped to 92 in 2002.   This was a significant drop, cutting the incidence rates by 10 times within a span of ten years (Mandell, 2005, Yogev, 2004, CDC, 1996, CDC, 2008).

How to Motivate Yourself to Study After Summer

How to Motivate Yourself to Study After Summer Fall semester is coming! After a summer of working, travelling, and having fun with friends, it can be hard to settle back down into a regular study routine. That’s especially true if you’re a naturally active person. Here are seven easy ways to get back into the groove. 1. Take Small Bites As with any new task, setting tough goals will discourage you before you even get started. For example, to someone who is out of shape, walking even half a mile might sound overwhelming. But you don’t have to fall into the trap of all-or-nothing thinking. The new exerciser might start by simply walking to the end of the driveway to get the mail. It sounds silly, but it’s better than sitting on the couch, and just getting outside often encourages people to walk farther than they planned. When it comes to studying, at first you might sit down for just 10 to 15 minutes at a time. As you get more used to focusing, gradually increase the length of your study sessions until you can get through 30 to 60 minutes of continuous work before taking a break. 2. Pair Up Study groups are a great idea, because your study mates will hold you accountable. You’ll have to show up at a certain time and be somewhat prepared. Not fond of large groups? See if you can find just one person in your class who’s willing to be your personal study buddy. The two of you can meet in the library, under a tree, or in many other quiet places on campus. 3. Start a Ritual After a full day of classes, workouts, and possibly a part-time job, it may be hard to wind down and get into study mode. Try to come up with a pre-study action that sends a signal to your brain that it’s time to quiet down and get to work. Just like Pavlov’s dogs learned to respond to a bell, you can come up with your own personal activation ritual. You might meditate for five minutes, put on some classical music, pop in a piece of gum, or type out everything that’s on your mind into a journal so you can empty your mind of distracting thoughts. 4. Create Space Whether you prefer to study on your bed or at a desk, you should create an environment that makes you want to spend time in it. If you’re going to study on your bed, make the bed so it doesn’t invite you to take a nap instead. Have a small table beside you where you can set all your supplies. If you like to sit at a desk, make sure the surface isn’t too cluttered to use. Be sure your chair is comfortable and is at the right height for keyboarding on your laptop. Of course, you can always find a study carrel at the library if that works better for you. 5. Think Ahead It might sound silly, but use the restroom before you sit down to study. Turn off your phone. Turn on a fan or adjust the blinds to block the afternoon sun. Take care of anything that might pop up in the middle of your study period and tempt you to get up and walk away. Get a bottle of water and a snack ready beforehand, and have it within reach of wherever you’re sitting. 6. Reward Yourself Everybody likes to be rewarded for good behavior. Your reward for studying is good grades, but those reports may be months away. What’s the pay off now? Well, create your own by building rewards into your study plan. First of all, schedule regular breaks every half-hour or hour. Next, make a list of things you want to buy or do, and make a note of how many hours you have to study before you can get what you want. It’ll keep you going! 7. Face Facts Still not motivated to study? Take a look at the last semester’s grade report, your tuition bill, or that letter about your academic probation. On the more positive side, remind yourself of your larger goal to graduate with honours or fulfill your career dreams. The cold, hard facts of life will get your nose into those books in no time.

Discussion of the adaptations of plants Essays

Discussion of the adaptations of plants Essays Discussion of the adaptations of plants Paper Discussion of the adaptations of plants Paper Essay Topic: Discussion Salt marshes are intertidal ecosystems, surrounded by land and open to the sea by way of an estuary (Pomeroy Wiegert 1981). As a result salt marshes are constrained, by silt and saline water, to the type of communities it can sustain (Ranwell 1972). However because of the tidal nature of these ecosystems and the presence of many migratory birds we find some of the the most widley distributed plant species in the world (Ranwell 1972). The habitat is typically high in phosphates but low in nitrogen. Sulphur washed in from the sea collects in the soil and during dry periods lowers the soil pH (Chapman Reiss 2000). Essentially the main problem for salt marsh plants is that salt marsh ecosystems are perminantly waterlogged by seawater. Land plants obtain oxygen for their roots by diffusion of oxygen found in air spaces in the soil. When soil is waterlogged, water displaces oxygen from the air spaces and reduces oxygen transport to as much as 1/300000 of its original value (www.biome.ac.uk).  Most land plants are used to water that has an osmotis potential close to zero, however salt marsh plant communities have to exist in water conditions of much lower osmotic potential, approximately -2 Mpa. Most land plants subjected to such low osmotic potentials would loose water to its environment and die (www.biome.ac.uk). It is the aim of this paper to discuss some of the common mechanisms which plants colonising salt marsh habitats have evolved to make effiecient use of what oxygen is available and be able to exclude salt and absourb water or excrete any excess salt that is absourbed as a result, with reference to specific salt marsh species.  Salt-marsh plants are halophytes (Gr halos:salt + phyton:plant), meaning they can tolerate excessive salinity levels (e.g. 0.5% NaCl), and have characteristics of both terrestrial and marine environments (Pomeroy Wiegert 1981). The salinity may vary and depends on the structure of the marsh, rainfall, and how often it floods (Chapman and Reiss 2000). If rainfall is high the marsh is washed of some of its salinity and will be colonised by different species such as Limonium spp. (sea lavender) and Triglochin spp. (arrow grass) (Chapman and Reiss 2000).  Grasses and rushes, such as Spartina spp. Juncus spp. retrospectively, dominate salt marsh communities, however in the lower, muddy levels of salt marshes pioneer species such as Salicornia europaea are more common (Rose 1981) (Chapman and Reiss 2000). Many of the plants are terrestrial species and in the upper parts of the marsh, where salinity concentrations are prodominantly affected by the amount of rainfall and not tidal influences, soils similar too more obvious terrestrial habitats are witnessed (Pomeroy Wiegert 1981) (Ranwell 1972).  Plants found in more northenly located salt marshes tend to be more tollerant of higher salinities, e.g. Spartina anglica can tolerate salinities up to twice that of sea water (Ranwell 1972).  Salt marshes have a particularly low osmotic potential due to its high sodium chloride concentration. To prevent excess loss of water and to obtain water from its environment it is vital that plants maintain a lower internal osmotic potential than that of its external environment (Purvis 2001). This is a problem for non-halophytes at concentrations 0.05 M (1/10 sea water). However halophytes, subject to sea water (0.5 M), can develop internal osmotic potentials greater than 20 bars (Ranwell 1972).  There is also the problem for plants living in saline environments of the high toxicity of Na and Cl both found in high concentrations in salt marshes (Purvis 2001).  High external osmotic potential influences excess ion accumulation in the tissues of plants, resulting in irregular metabolism and for this reason plants living in salt marshes have to be highly selective in ion uptake. High external osmotic potential also has the effect of reducing plant growth, transpiration rate, water availability, and uptake of essential minerals (Ranwell 1972). No other toxic substance, worldwide, restricts plant growth more than sodium chloride (Purvis 2001). Salt marshes, like any other habitat have sub-habitats e.g. emergence marsh level, submergence marsh level, or tidal flat, which all present relatively different growing conditions for the species that occupy them. As a result we find plants that have preferences to these zones and hence have adapted a diverse array of methods to contend with the conditions the different zones subject them to. These adaptations and environmental preferences also affect limits of such things as growth, age, and clonal size (Ranwell 1972). Adaptation to saline environments has occurred in Salicornia so much so that not only can members of this species tolerate high NaCl concentrations but the ability to persist in fresh water environments has all but been lost (Ranwell 1972).  There are four different methods in which halophytes have adapted to various external osmotic potentials in order to maintain normal metabolic activities. They are ion selection, extrusion, accumulation, and dilution, of which more than one may be exhibited by any one plant (Ranwell 1972). The vast majority of salt marsh plant species are perennials with only few annuals present and confined to distinct salt marsh sub-habitats, such as Salicornia sp. and Atriplex sp. located in the pioneer and strandline zones respectively (Ranwell 1972).  The distinction that few annuals have adapted to a salt marsh environment led Chapman to describe it as a Hemicryptophyte (herbs with buds at soil level, protected by the soil itself or by dry dead portions of the plant) area (Ranwell 1972) (Thain Hickman 2000). One shared adaptation that most halophytes possess is they accumulate Na Cl ions and transport them to their leaves. The ions are stored in leaf cell vacuoles increasing the salt concentration in the tissues of halophytes and hence lowering its osmotic potential (Purvis 2001). This brings us back to an earlier statement that it is vital for plants living in saline environments to maintain a lower internal osmotic potential than that of its external environment in order to prevent water loss and so water may be taken up more effectively. An important scientific breakthrough in 1999 located a gene in the non-halophyte Arabidopsis which encodes for a Na/H ion antiport protein in the tonoplast and enables sodium uptake (Purvis 2001). Although this plant is not a common halophyte found in salt marsh environments it does help to understand how plants may evolve different methods to living in these environments.  Another adaptation of halophytes which reduces the risk of poisoning by excessive accumulation of NaLC is the formation of salt glands in their leaves. Salt, extracted by the glands, collects on the leaf surface and is removed by wind or rain. Osmotic potential in the leaf will inevitable become more negative as salt is excreted by the salt glands; this generates an increase in the osmotic potential gradient thus enabling the leaf to obtain water from the root more readily (Purvis 2001). The amino acid proline, is often stored in the vacuoles of halophytes which acts to lower the plants tissues osmotic potential (Purvis 2001).  The saline nature of a salt marsh makes it particularly difficult for plants to obtain water. For this reason a common characteristic of halophytes is succulence, which acts as a water reserve. This water reserve can be used when NaCl concentrations are high, e.g. evaporation in the soil during low tide.  Many succulent halophytes use crassulacean acid metabolism, a metabolic pathway which allows plants to store CO2 at night and then photosynthesis during the day with stomata closed. Reversed stomatal cycles also allow halophytes to conserve water by closing them during daylight periods (Purvis 2001). Damage by wave action is a serious threat to plants living in certain zones of the salt marsh; therefore many species have morphological adaptations as a result. Salicornia for example presents minimum leaf appendages by reducing to a phylloclade form, however it still maintains adequate photosynthetic surface for the high light level habitat in which it inhabits (Ranwell 1972). Water-logging is a characteristic of most salt marshes, particularly in the lower zones and as a result oxygen diffusion rates are low. During spring and summer algal blooms e.g. Pleurosigma colonize high level tidal flats and produce millions of small oxygen bubbles on the surface of the water-logged mud. Salicornia take advantage of the better conditions with regards to oxygen availability by germinating in April May with most of its growth occurring during the summer months (Ranwell 1972).  This is more obviously an ecological adaptation to saline environments; however this is just as important to understand as morphological adaptations are in plants existing in salt marsh habitats. Pappus hairs found on the seeds of Aster tripolium aid dispersal. The seeds tend to stick together as a result and more often than not are dispersed by water with only few dispersed by the wind. This type of dispersal adaptation allows Aster to colonize open ground, within the salt marsh, relatively quickly (Ranwell 1972).  Spartina has many specific adaptations to existing in more seaward zones of the salt marsh, which allows it to out-compete most other species for these sub-habitats. Spartina has been successful in these zones due to a type of polyploidy which promotes rapid growth, large size, and high fertility. High phenotypic plasticity also allows Spartina to take advantage of this zone by elongating its stems (as much as 15 cm yearà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½) to penetrate aggregating mud in both pioneer and mature salt marshes (Ranwell 1972). Other adaptations that enable Spartina to successfully colonise more seaward zones include large seeds with substantial food reserves, rapid shoot root growth, deep anchor roots, and shoots well supplied with air spaces (Ranwell 1972). In conclusion Salt marsh habitats are intertidal ecosystems sustaining widley distributed plant communities which can exist in an environment which is typically high in phophates, low in nitrogen, has a low soil pH, suffers from waterlogging, and a low osmotic potential.  The main problems for salt marsh plants is low oxygen diffusion rates and a low osmotic potential due to daily waterlogging by sea water.  High osmotic potential results in reduced plant growth, transpiration rate, water availability, and uptake of essential minerals and due to the toxicity of Na Cl, excessive accumilation can result in irregular metabolism. All salt marsh plants are halophytes, tolerating excessive saline levels (0.5% NaCl), with Spartina anglica for example capable of tolerateing salinities twice that of sea water.  To prevent excessive water loss and to obtain water salt marsh plants maintain a lower internal osmotic potential than that of its external environment.  Halophytes have evolved four different methods to maintain normal metabolic activities in various external osmotic potentials; ion selection, extrusion, accumulation, and dilution.  Accumulation involves the plant transporting and storing Na Cl ions to their leaf cell vacuoles. Salt glands often found in the leaves of salt marsh plants extracts salt which collects on the leaf surface and is removed by wind or rain.  Succulence is a common characteristic of halophytes acting as a water reserve and can dilute high NaCl concentrations for example at low tide.  These methods are all effective in lowering internal osmotic potential and increasing the osmotic potential gradient thus enabling the leaf to obtain water from the root more readily.  Crassulacean acid metabolism allows halophytes to store CO2 at night and conserve water during the daylight periods by photosynthesising with closed stomata. Ecological adaptation include for example adaptation by Salicornia to low oxygen diffusion rates takes advantage of millions of oxygen bubbles produced on the surface of waterlogged mud in high level tidal flats by algal blooms.  Morphological adaptations include for example adaptation by Salicornia to reduce damage by wave action by reducing to a phylloclade form thus presenting minimum leaf appendages.  It is clear that most of these evolved adaptations are a result of plants attempting to survive in an environment which is subject to especially low oxygen diffusion rates and in particullay low osmotic potentials. Reference List www.biome.ac.uk  Chapman, L.J. M.J. Reiss (2000) Ecology principals applications, University press; Cambridge  Pomeroy, L.R. R.G. Wiegert (1981) The ecology of a Salt Marsh, Springer-Verlag Inc; New York  Purvis, W.K., D Sadava, G.H. Orians, H.C. Heller (2001) Life: The science of biology, Sinauer associates; Massachusettes

All About Mettre - Irregular French Verb

All About Mettre - Irregular French Verb Mettre, which means to put, is one of the most common French verbs. It is irregular in conjugation and is found in a number of idiomatic expressions.Using mettreMettre means to put:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai mis les livres sur la table.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I put the books on the table.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il faut mettre sa famille avant son travail.  Ã‚  Ã‚  You have to put your family before your work.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mettez les mains en lair.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Put your hands in the air.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il veut mettre de largent dans votre affaire.  Ã‚  Ã‚  He wants to put money into your business.Mettre has various other meanings as well.1. to put on  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tu dois mettre un pull.  Ã‚  Ã‚  You need to put on a sweater.2. to spend time on  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai mis deux semaines le faire.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I spent two weeks doing it.3. to turn on, activate  Ã‚  Ã‚  Peux-tu mettre la radio  ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Could you turn on the radio?4. to suppose  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mettons quil a raison....  Ã‚  Ã‚  Supposing / Lets just say that hes ri ght....Mettre noun infinitive means to put something up/out/on to do something:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai mis de leau bouillir.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I put some water on to boil.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Il doit mettre le linge sà ©cher.  Ã‚  Ã‚  He has to put (hang) the laundry up to dry.Se mettreSe mettre also has many different meanings.1. to put oneself  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mets-toi cà ´tà © de ton frà ¨re.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Put yourself next to your brother, Go sit/stand next to your brother.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je dois me mettre lombre.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I have to get into the shade.(figurative)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je ne sais pas oà ¹ me mettre.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I dont know where to look / what to do with myself.  Ã‚  Ã‚  se mettre dans une situation dà ©licate  Ã‚  Ã‚  to put/get oneself into a delicate situation2. to become (weather)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il va se mettre au froid demain.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Its going to get/turn cold tomorrow.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il sest mis au chaud.  Ã‚  Ã‚  It got hot.3. se mettre - to start, set to, take up  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il sest enfin mis au travail.  Ã‚  Ã‚  He finally started working.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je vais me mettre la danse.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Im going to take up dancing.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Quand vas -tu te mettre à ©tudier  ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  When are you going to start / set about studying?Expressions with mettre  Ã‚  Ã‚  mettre lessai - to put to the test  Ã‚  Ã‚  mettre en relief - to accentuate, bring out, emphasize  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il y a mis le temps  ! - He took his sweet time about it!  Ã‚  Ã‚  se mettre au rà ©gime - to go on a diet  Ã‚  Ã‚  More expressions with mettreConjugationsPresent tense  Ã‚  Ã‚  je mets  Ã‚  Ã‚  tu  mets  Ã‚  Ã‚  il met  Ã‚  Ã‚  nous  mettons  Ã‚  Ã‚  vous  mettez  Ã‚  Ã‚  ils  mettentAll tenses

Krima Co-operative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Krima Co-operative - Essay Example Customers’ tastes keep changing and doing quality management is advised continuously in every business. Another reason for having to do a quality control management is mainly due to the competition cropping from small co-operatives. In addition to this, Krima co-operatives plan on starting to export their products and they have to ensure that their products meet all the quality requirements set by the bureau of standards in all different countries. It is difficult to understand precisely what customers need and want and this is where quality management comes in. All customers have different tastes and they want the product they will consume to have a particular peculiar character. Quality management focuses on both service and product. It has four components; quality control, quality management, quality improvement and quality assurance. There is no one definition of quality management but (Rawlins, pg34. 2009) says that it is a set of rules or procedures that ensure a product or service is designed in such a way that it satisfies a customer’s needs. Kezner (14, 2009) calls it business management because it is a way of ensuring that sales are made every day and, thus a business does not end up failing. It can therefore be looked at in terms of satisfaction for both the business and customer’s needs. ... Mostly, quality assurance procedures are done by an independent third party like a government quality control group using a planned system of review procedures. The above procedures do take time and resources and therefore it is important I prepare you. However, you should note that this is not a waste of time or resources; there are many reasons why I believe this business needs quality management. This is not just for the purpose of improving quality, but also to ensure that a product meets all the needs of the customer. The question we should ask ourselves is; with all the competition we are facing from other companies right now, what is it that we aim to improve before our competitors reach where we are? Is this going to be a long term or short term solution when dealing with our competitors? What is it that our competitors are offering that our customers might be attracted to? Quality management may be able to help us answer the above questions and in turn improve our business. I had mentioned earlier that I am aware that you plan to import your products, it is therefore important to know if our product will meet the needs of our clients in the other countries. At the end of this project, we will have ensured that our product not only creates competition but it is consistent with the requirements of the customer. Tamime (44, 2009) says that in any milk processing industry, quality management ensures that a customer keeps coming back for more and referrals are made. On the same page, he says that this has been the secret of many businesses. 2. Characteristics and dimensions of milk products quality. A once successful business owner of a milk manufacturing company said that there are three processes a product passes through before going to the market. The first

FINAL PAPER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

FINAL PAPER - Essay Example The wings of the eagle are spread; as if the eagle is in flight or about to take flight. A pillow attached to a wooden stick juts out at the bottom of the painting. It seems that the eagle is carrying the pillow as it is about to fly. The pillow is divided into two halves because of the way it is hung on a piece of thread (Kleiner, 2014). The different elements of the painting do not form a whole but rather seem like disjointed elements in the entire painting. Rauschenberg has mainly used earthy tones in this painting. The use of bright colors in the painting is limited to just the upper central part and even those colors are not very bright. The predominant colors in the artwork are brown and black. The entire combine has a very rough feel to it. It reminds viewers of Dadaism where the objective was not to please the viewer but rather to bring attention to the art piece. Even in this case, the artwork does not appear aesthetically pleasing to the eye. It consists of different elements that do not make sense to the ordinary viewer. Only people with an art background would be likely to understand the significance of the artwork. This artwork tries to capture the essence of Rembrandts painting, The Rape of Ganymede. The dangling pillow is meant to be the buttocks of the child who was being carried out by the eagle. In terms of texture, Rauschenberg has introduced many different textures in the painting. These include the blobs of paint, the eagle and the dangling pillow. Each has a different texture to it and combined, they create a rough texture. It is the use of the different textures that makes the artwork so appealing. The textures tempt the viewers to consider the artwork closely and even touch it to understand the feel of it. In terms of color, the artwork gives off a very gloomy effect. The predominant colors used in the combine are brown and black. The rest of the colors are earthy colors. The

INDIVIDUAL REPORT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

INDIVIDUAL REPORT - Essay Example 6 Cultural relation and community cohesion†¦.. 7 Low wage keeps inflation low†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 Dynamism in economic activities †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 Business relation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 Treats of migration†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 Low wages keep other workers wages low†¦.. 9 Increase in criminal acts:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 Use of government subsidized services without paying taxes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 Sending money to home country:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 Increased cost on society in terms of larger population †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 10 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 10 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 11 Introduction Economic migration and its impact on the economy has scarcely been out of public debates over the past few months, with many controversies to the extent of social and economic gain to the developed, developing and under developed countries from immigration. However, economic migration has presented greater opportunities for the same countries, particularly in economic term (Marangozov, 2007). Today’s economic world is witnessing economic or labor migration rapidly mainly due to the increased demand for low-wage workers in developed countries and lack of employment opportunities in developing countries. Both men and women are pursuing to work in other countries in order to support themselves and their families back home. This piece of research presents a brief rep ort on economic migration and its impact on developed countries. This paper analyzes various benefits and threats of economic migration to an economy. Key trends and characteristics: Immigrants are classified into two distinct groups, economic migrants , who are individuals searching for high standard jobs and economic security and refugees, who are individuals fleeing persecution in their home country (Cortes 2001, p,41). These two categories do of course overlap. Higher numbers of migrant workers are from the EU accession states that is the most leading trends of recent economic migration. Immigration levels to the developed countries have increased in recent years, mainly driven by on going economic growth in the UK and by the opening of the labor market to the new EU accession states since recently (Marangozov, 2007). For example, between three months in 2007, the number of applications from the A8 countries (Czech Republic, Estonia, Lithuania, Hungary, Poland, Latvia, Slovakia, and Slovenia) has been dropped to 50,000 from 52,000. The numbers thus have been coming to decline overall- during the above mentioned three months of the previous year, 56,000 workers registered (workpermit.com, 2007). The UK was one of the few EU nations opening its labor market to the ‘A8’ countries when they joined in 2004, causing a heavy inflow of immigration to the country. In response, the UK placed restrictions on some developing nationals when their countries joined the EU on January 2007 (workpermit.com) Worldwide Immigrants Statistics: Worldwide, there is around 191 million immigrants and the last 50 years have seen an almost doubling of immigration, out of them around 115 million migrants are living in developed countries; 38 million immigrants that account to be 20% are living in the US alone. According to some estimates, around 33% of all immigrants are living in Europe and a major portion of it lives in around 28 countries. Women immigrants

Paul and homosexuality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Paul and homosexuality - Essay Example While Hays' approach is more direct under which he establishes whether or not the Bible is speaking against homosexual behavior in Romans I and its significance in the modern context, Martin is more concerned with the question of whether the scholars dealing with this particular aspect are as objective as they claim, or are in fact looking at it from a firmly heterosexist perspective. In order to fulfill his object, Martin has chosen to analyze the above-mentioned article by Hays. For the purposes of our comparison between the articles therefore, we would note the stated issues that Martin finds with Hays' article. We would then scrutinize how effectively Martin is able to present his counter-arguments to determine whether he has the more convincing interpretation of Romans, or whether Hays' interpretation is better argued and supported by evidence. The issues which Martin lays out against Hays' article are : â€Å"1) the claim that the etiology of homosexuality, according to Paul, lies in the corruption of universal human nature that occurred in the fall; 2) the assumption that Paul is differentiating homosexual desire from heterosexual desire in Romans I ascribing the former to the fall and the latter to pristine creation; and 3) the importation of a modern concept of acts â€Å"contrary to nature† when explaining Paul's term para physin†. Dealing with the first point of the etiology of homosexuality, we scrutinize the argument presented by each scholar. Hays asserts that â€Å"depravities follow from the radical rebellion of the creature against the creator†, that is, all of humankind has fallen in God's eyes by refusing to recognize Him as the Creator and thus arousing His wrath. Hays also contends that God's wrath "takes the ironic form of allowing them the freedom to have their own way", and that "idolatry debases both the worshiper and the idol". Thus, Hays says that homosexuality is the symptom of mankind's fall, their refusal to accept God as their true creator and that " Paul's choice of homosexuality as an illustration of human depravity is not merely random: it serves his rhetorical purposes by providing a vivid image of humanity's primal rejection of the sovereignty of God the creator". To support his claim, Hays brings in the references of Genesis, where "the complementarity of male and female is given theological grounding in God's creative activity". The Gen 2:18-24 is quoted, where man and woman are intended to "become one flesh". 1)b. Etiology of Homosexuality: Martin Martin interprets the origins of homosexuality in much more specific terms, and takes the references of homosexuality in the Jewish tradition of Paul's time, and relates homosexuality to the origin of idolatry and polytheism "at some point after the time of Adam: rabbinic sources variously ascribe the invention of idolatry to Kenan, Enosh(son of Seth) or the people of Enosh's generation", especially amongst the Gentiles and he supports his interpretation by using the example of the book of Jubilees. He contends that : "the scenario Paul sketches in Romans I has to do with the invention of idolatry and its consequences, and not with the fall of Adam. In Romans I, Paul refers not to Adam or "he", a single person, but to "they"." Both scholars recognize that Paul has, through the clever use of rhetoric in 2:1, chastised both the Jews and the Gentiles where they are "equally condemned under the judgment of a righteous God"(Hays). In the same spirit, Martin says, "He condemns first the Gentiles, and then turns his attention to Jews". But Martin and Hays use this argument to

Social Media - Pr practice modernised Dissertation

Social Media - Pr practice modernised - Dissertation Example As this occurs, there is also a question of how effective the use of social media and public relations are online. Examining how customers interact and the difference it makes with sales and relationship building is one of the main questions. This research paper will examine the mechanics of relationship building through social media and with online portals. There will be a question of how this changes consumer perception as well as potential opportunities for businesses that are building an online presence. Specifically, this research study will provide insight into the importance of social media and PR as an element for businesses. ... †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦34 4.0 Results and Findings†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦35 5.0 Significance of the Project†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...39 5.1 Limitations of the Project†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.40 5.2 Future Studies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..42 6.0 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...43 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..44 Appendix A†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦48 Appendix B†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦49 List of tables and figures Image 1: Social Hierarchy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.11 Image 2: Random and Scale Free Network†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.......14 Image 3: Corporate Social Strategies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.19 Image 4: Social Media Networks and Giant Component WOM†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...22 1.0 Introduction The use of social media is continuing to grow as a trend among businesses. Those who have a website or brick and mortar business are now using social media as a part of the vocabulary necessary for defining what is needed for an effective marketing plan. The growing trend is one that is now creating a question of where this fits into the promotion mix. Most marketers are looking at social media as a necessary component of finding new customers and spreading the word about one’s

Compare and contrast the consequences of World Wars 1 and 2 for the Essay

Compare and contrast the consequences of World Wars 1 and 2 for the United States and its citizens - Essay Example The overall losses incurred by US as a result of its involvement in war were however, small as compared to the massive destruction faced by Europe. One of the most important consequences of the World War 1 was the increase in military posture of America in the world. Over the period of the war, US established itself as one of the suppliers of military equipment to the allies and established itself as one of the emerging manufacturing economy of the world. War also resulted into massive transfer of wealth from Europe to America as US not only provided equipment and military support but also offered loans. As a result of this, American economy got a boost as transfer of wealth has resulted into increased revenue for the government and also created jobs. At the social level, for Americans, war however, brought significant racial differences and social divisions. German Americans were harassed as well as racial tension gripped specially the migration of Southern Blacks. On home front, World War 1 therefore was something which further highlighted the differences between Americans within American society. Overall economic progressed was witnessed by the Americans as farmers put in more and more acreage to the use of the crops which were being readily sold. Gross farm income increased and as a result of this, the overall prosperity increased for ordinary Americans despite the fact that War has also brought losses in terms of shifting most of the government resources to the war. Though Second World War was fought far from the American borders but it believed to have created more lasting impacts on the American society as compared to the impact First World War had. In terms of the overall impact, second Great War had more serious and far reaching consequences for US. It is important to note that US was largely unprepared for Second World War and was forced to enter into the war when it was attacked by Japan. In first

Social Media - Pr practice modernised Dissertation

Social Media - Pr practice modernised - Dissertation Example As this occurs, there is also a question of how effective the use of social media and public relations are online. Examining how customers interact and the difference it makes with sales and relationship building is one of the main questions. This research paper will examine the mechanics of relationship building through social media and with online portals. There will be a question of how this changes consumer perception as well as potential opportunities for businesses that are building an online presence. Specifically, this research study will provide insight into the importance of social media and PR as an element for businesses. ... †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦34 4.0 Results and Findings†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦35 5.0 Significance of the Project†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...39 5.1 Limitations of the Project†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.40 5.2 Future Studies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..42 6.0 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...43 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..44 Appendix A†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦48 Appendix B†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦49 List of tables and figures Image 1: Social Hierarchy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.11 Image 2: Random and Scale Free Network†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.......14 Image 3: Corporate Social Strategies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.19 Image 4: Social Media Networks and Giant Component WOM†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...22 1.0 Introduction The use of social media is continuing to grow as a trend among businesses. Those who have a website or brick and mortar business are now using social media as a part of the vocabulary necessary for defining what is needed for an effective marketing plan. The growing trend is one that is now creating a question of where this fits into the promotion mix. Most marketers are looking at social media as a necessary component of finding new customers and spreading the word about one’s

Civic Center Park Essay Example for Free

Civic Center Park Essay â€Å"The noblest sort of heart is that composed of the united will of many citizens† (Robinson, p. 10), and this united will is brought forth by the City Beautiful movement. The core goals of the City Beautiful movement is to create a better city through the development of unity, civic pride, and better citizens. Civic Center Park in Denver, Colorado is a prime example of the City Beautiful movement manifested into reality. With its’ grand manner architectural style it attempts to instill a sense of unity and civic pride with in the residents of the city, which in the City Beautiful style is intended to lead to better citizens over all. Civic Center Park illustrates the core goals of the City Beautiful movement through the monuments present, the design, and the location of the park its self. In the city beautiful movement it is key to create pubic space; this idea of public—shared—space is intended to create a place where all members of the community can come together in a central location. Civic Park is a large public space that is located in the center of downtown Denver, with busy streets on all sides that do not cut through the park but strategically curve around it as to simply incorporate the park into city life; this curvilinear street design is an aspect that Camillo Sitte advocated for in urban design. Also in order to create this sense of a shared public space the park is completely encircled by public buildings, which is an aspect of Grand Manner design that Sitte greatly appreciates in ancient cities (Sitte, p. 469); it creates an â€Å"unbroken frame of public buildings† (Sitte, p. 475), which produces a â€Å"†¦cohesive effect of the square†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Sitte, p. 477). From the center of the park one can spin around and view the Denver Art Museum, the Denver Public Library, City Hall, and the newly added Colorado History Museum with out leaving that one spot. The boulevards leading to this central, open space are all broad, beautifully paved, and extensively tree lined, which is a key aspect in Grand Manner design. Much of the foot traffic in the area seemed to choose to walk these paths to their destinations instead of the main roads, despite that most destinations appeared not to be within the park its self. Facilitating a sense that this area is for the public use in more aspects than just a park. Another way in which Civic Center Park is reaching out to the public is through the program â€Å"Grow Local†. Near the center of the park is a space of land that has been cultivated into a community garden, where the food that is produced is donated to local non-profits and is cared for by volunteers in the community. The goal of the â€Å"Grow Local† foundation is to â€Å"promote local food, local community, and local economy† (Civic Center Park sign). This program that is central in the park entirely focuses on the betterment and unity of the community surrounding Civic Center Park. It establishes a connection amongst the citizens of Denver for it is completely local and is supported by the immediate community for the immediate community, which is a key concept in the City Beautiful movement. This aspect of having an open public space surrounded by civic buildings is a core City Beautiful ideology, for it turns the entire area into public domain. All that can be seen is open to the public, allowing the citizens to feel united and a part of something larger—their city. This connection helps to produce pride in the citizens, for when one feels connected they also feel a sense of responsibility. As Robinson put it in his paper, Improvement in City Life, â€Å"the happier people of the rising city beautiful will grow in love for it, in pride in it. They will be better citizens, because better instructed, more artistic, and filled with civic pride† (Robinson, p. 10). With responsibility also comes pride when the area is one that is favorable and beautiful as is intended in the grand manner design that was used in the creation of civic park. The desire of having a population that has civic pride, as is the goal in the City Beautiful movement, is that this pride will lead to better citizens. If one takes pride in there community they will then want to better their community and make it a better place to live for all. They will be inspired by their built environment to be better than before. With in Civic Center Park there are a wide variety of monuments, statues, and plaques that cover the landscape. Many of these monuments, statues, and plaques carry a common theme, the theme of patriotism. This theme of patriotism is portrayed through monuments and such that commemorate Civil War and World War II heroes, the military branches, and the beginnings of our nation. Many of these monuments, statues, and plaques are not focused solely on Denver or even Colorado, but on the nation as a whole. One plaque that is positioned on a large dark stone structure is dedicated to Sadie M. Likens, whom did great work aiding survivors of the Civil War. The plaque does not state weather or not she was a Colorado native or if she has any connection to Denver at all, it can be assumed but the connection is not concretely conveyed. Another example of this is the giant flagpole with an American flag that stands in direct line of sight of City Hall. This is not beneficial to Denver’s civic identity, for it causes â€Å"local characteristics [to] gradually disappear† (Sitte, p. 473). While this is a representation of the people’s identity and unity as a nation, it does nothing for the identity and unity of the people as members of Denver or even Colorado. A tall monument that resamples the Washington monument also stands in Civic Center Park and commemorates each branch of the United States military. This too only connects the people to their national identity and not to their identity and unity as an immediate community. While this may be viewed as advantageous, for it â€Å"attend[s] to everyone’s past† (Hayden, p. 69), it is not focused enough on the immediate community to promote the ideologies of City Beautiful. While the monument dedicated to Christopher Columbus is â€Å"socially inclusive† (Hayden, p. 70), for it celebrates the discovery and beginning of the peoples’ nation, it has no true connection to the unique background of the community. These monuments need to be more focused on Colorado and Denver’s histor and culture in order for them to better â€Å"nurture citizens public memory, to encompass shared time in the form of shred territory† (Hayden 72), as is one of the main goals of the City Beautiful Movement and the main purpose of monuments, statues, and plaques. The Statue of â€Å"Joe P. Martinez, Colorado’s first congressional medal of honor recipient of World War II† (Civic Center Park monument), in Civic Center Park is a statue that better connects the nations history with Colorado’s history; for, it commemorates a Colorado native that was in a war that effected all citizens of both the nation and Colorado. Another beneficial aspect of theses monuments is that they show a type of timeline, in that they â€Å"[help] to create, celebrate and cement this progressive narrative of natural history† (Savage, p. 2). This is also represented through the monument of the Ten Commandments that is located at one of the entrances to the park. This nation was founded on religious beliefs and therefor it has a religious beginnings and this is portrayed in the park despite the fact that our nation—for the most part—has moved away from these beginnings. Having it at the beginning of the park represents the forward movement of our nation. There were some statues, monuments, and plaques in Civic Center Park that did focus more on Colorado history, which is a closer tie to the community; however, there still did not seem to be any that were specific to Denver. Two statues that stood out as strongly representing Colorado’s collective past were the â€Å"Bronco Buster† (a statue of a cowboy on a horse) and the â€Å"On the War Trail† (a statue of a Native American on a horse). As a western state Colorado has a strong history involving Native Americans and ranching. Colorado still continues to be associated with such things in the present as well. Cowboys and Native Americans are a part of Colorado’s collective identity weather or not people have an actual, personal association with them. These statues are not just mementos of the past but representations of the present, they are not â€Å"an obsolete marker of the past but an agent of consciousness in a changing world† (Savage, p. 5). Another monument that represent Colorado’s history instead of the nations are the paintings of the â€Å"Trapper and the Prospector†, which represent early, frontier life in Colorado. These paintings represent how western life in Colorado began and how the beginnings of life in Colorado as people know it today. While all of the monuments, statues, and plaques mentioned previously help to establish unity and identity on a national and state level they lack the ability to establish them on a community and city level. The incorporation of more monuments, statues, and plaques that represent Denver’s history and identity—which Civic Center park is significantly lacking—would greatly serve the cause of building Denver’s civic identity. For, the people would feel more connected to one another and to their immediate community. This would also allow a place â€Å"in which humans can display their culture† (Sitte, p. 467), which, as Lewis Mumford believes is the most important part of a city. The culture of the people of the community cannot be displayed if the monuments present do not represent the immediate area. In Civic Center park the majority of the monuments, statues, and plaques focus on commemorating heroes, such as the Civil war monument, the World War II statue, and the Columbus monument. All of these recognized people that made a difference and were beneficial to the nation; none of them were portrayed as victims. These types of monuments stimulate consciousness, in that they cause people to view this nation as a proud one. They bring forth the notion that our nation is one of victors and heroes and therefor one should find pride in it. The monuments I found the most engaging at Civic Center park were the ones that have a greater focus on Colorado and less on the nation. I feel as though they have a more relevant place in a park in Denver thats main purpose is to promote Denver’s civic identity. In particular I enjoyed the â€Å"Trapper and the Prospector† paintings that resided inside the coliseum type structure. I feel as though they best represented Colorado’s history. They also are the most intricate monuments and evoked the most consciousness about the past and the present. Civic Center Park is full of people there for all different reasons. There are those, such as my self, that are there to observe and view the monuments (few), there are those that are there on commute to another location (many), there are those ‘hanging out’ in groups (the majority), there are those that seemed to view it as a place of residence (good portion), and then there are those that seemed to be just enjoying the park alone (few). I was a bit taken back by how few people seemed to be in Civic Park to view the monuments and enjoy the aesthetic aspects of the park. There were only a handful of people that were utilizing the benches as a place to just sit and enjoy the park and I saw only one other couple that even bothered to glance at the statues. Those in the park that were just commuting to another location tended to stay on the grand boulevard pathways and did not interact with those off of the boulevards. They did not seem to interact with any other part of the built environment other than the path in which they walked and the arches in which they passed under. I believe that City Beautiful advocates would be pleased with the fact that members of the community use the park as a part of their daily lives; however, they would probably not be too pleased with the aspect that many of the foot traffic does not interact with the monuments or the open space that is provided. I believe that they would be more pleased if some of the foot traffic stopped once in a while and enjoyed the area more and truly took it all in. If the people of the community are not taking in the sites around them then the park is not serving the function that is intended. In the City Beautiful ideology the park should instill civic pride and the monuments should educate, memorialize, and commemorate according to Kostof, and they cannot do this if the citizens ignore them all. Those that seem the most comfortable in the park were those that were ‘hanging out’ in groups that all massed around a central area. This large mass of various smaller groups positioned its self around the top of the coliseums type structure along one of the main walkways in the center of Civic Center Park. When I walked past this mass I was called out to and asked on more than one occasion, â€Å"Hey girlie, wanna smoke some reefer?† as one man put it. I politely declined the offers and was usually met with annoyed shrugs or rude comments. A majority of the people in this crowd seemed to be selling something of unsavory quality or interacting in activities of the same sort. The fact that this seems to be the dominant presence in Civic Center Park portrays that the goal for it to produce civic pride and better citizens has fallen short. I also asked some Denver locals about what connotation Civic Center Park has and all of them proceeded to inform me that it is where one goes to purchase drugs if you ever want any. From this I have derived that the park is not viewed as a place of civic pride, but viewed as a less savory part of the city. City Beautiful advocates would be extremely disturbed by what is taking place in Civic Center Park, for it is doing the opposite of its purpose and nothing, or very little, is being done to change this. Structurally, architecturally, and aesthetically Civic Center Park is every thing that a City Beautiful advocate could ever dream of; however, the actual response of the people to the park is nothing like that imagined. Aesthetically, Civic Center Park has greatly exemplified City Beautiful and Grand Manner ideologies. Civic Center Park is adjacent to the Denver Public Library, which is a building that extrudes public space to the utmost. A library is thought of as a place that is solely for public use; people can borrow from it with no pay, use its facilities for no pay, and it sponsors many public events. Its only purpose is to serve the public, and no part of it is off limits to anyone. The Denver art Museum is also adjacent to Civic Center Park, which is another building that is dedicated to the public. A museums main purpose is to educate and benefit the community in which they are a part of. The fact that all of the buildings that surround Civic Center Park are dedicated to the enhancement and benefit of the public is the exact ideology behind Grand Manner and City Beautiful design. This is indeed what civic â€Å"aesthetic progress† should look like. To add to this â€Å"civic aesthetic† progress is that the Colorado History Museum has also been place near Civic Center Park in the Civic Center Cultural complex. This addition is good in a City Beautiful context for it is another public building that is dedicated to the immediate community. It is a building that will create unity in the community, for it is focused solely on Colorado’s history and culture, which is an aspect that all the people of the community have in common with one another. â€Å"A more inclusive landscape history can also stimulate new approaches to urban design, encourage designers, artists, and writers, as well as citizens, to contribute to an urban art of creating a heightened sense of place in the city† (Hayden 73), which is what the City Beautiful planers of Civic Center park aimed to do. In many ways Civic Center park succeeded in creating a City Beautiful, Grand Manner, public space; however, it has failed to influence the public in the way that is intended. I find that the monuments and such in the park should be more locally focused in order to create the civic pride and unity that City Beautiful advocates envisioned.